Analects 19.14: 子張 (Zi Zhang)
Confucius and his disciples · Classical Chinese original · new English translation and commentary by Text Atlas
Overview
Zizhang, Zixia, Ziyou, Master Zeng, and Zigong speak about learning, friendship, mourning, and public responsibility. Their judgments sometimes conflict: who should be welcomed as a friend, how teaching reaches the root, and whether impressive achievement amounts to humaneness. The final sayings turn to reputation and the limits of judging another person. Zigong defends the Master through images of hidden interiors, the sun and moon, and rule that would draw a response from the people.
Analects 19.14
子游曰、喪致乎哀而止。
Ziyou said, “In mourning, give grief its full expression and stop there.”
Commentary
ritual Grief as the measure 致 gives grief its fullest reach, while 而止 sets a limit there. On this reading, grief is what mourning must accomplish, and further display adds no necessary end. The sentence does not specify a mourning period or tell the bereaved exactly when their feelings should cease.
Basis: textual-inference
Confidence: medium
translation Ziyou’s two sayings The Chinese names Ziyou as the speaker here and in the next saying about his friend Zhang. Legge’s English names Zixia in both places. The translation follows the Chinese attribution. The two sayings therefore remain part of Ziyou’s voice after his dispute with Zixia.
Basis: translation-comparison
Confidence: high