Analects 14.28: 憲問 (Xian Wen)
Confucius and his disciples · Classical Chinese original · new English translation and commentary by Text Atlas
Overview
Book 14 tests ethical judgment in public life. Salary, courage, accomplished speech, and a reputation for virtue each prove incomplete measures of a person. The arguments about Guan Zhong ask how benefits to many people should weigh against a demand for personal fidelity. Accounts of officeholders, messengers, and failed appeals make responsibility concrete: competent service can sustain a flawed ruler, and a duty to speak can survive refusal. Short sayings turn from judging others toward learning, ability, and the relation between words and deeds. The later encounters press the choice between persistence and withdrawal when others offer no recognition. The dialogue with Zilu gives self-cultivation an expanding aim, ending in peace for all the people; the closing scenes test conduct through bodily bearing and the desire to seem grown before the work is done.
Analects 14.28
曾子曰、君子思不出其位。
Master Zeng said, “An exemplary person’s thoughts do not go beyond their position.”
Commentary
politics Master Zeng restates the boundary Master Zeng, marked by the honorific 子, gives a second voice to the preceding saying’s concern. 思, thought, is wider than planning an office’s affairs. The repetition of 位 places a person’s thinking within the scope of the position they occupy, a demanding limit whose political force should remain visible.
Basis: textual-inference
Confidence: high